February 03, 2012


From Michael Miller:

Re: Series of thumps may have thrown Uranus off-kilter (Oct. 7): About that impact simulation of why the planet Uranus tilts... this simulation explains it better!

Take a wine bottle cork, after of the contents of the bottle have been disposed of, and stick half of a toothpick into the bottom of the cork so that just a small point sticks out, that is to become the center point of gravity for the planet model. Then place the remainder of the toothpick on the top of the cork, sticking up to mark the north pole. Next, screw 3" drywall screws into the cork on all sides, 4 of them, aiming down, so that the whole thing balances on the center toothpick on your fingertip.

Voila... the model tilts at about 20 degrees, much like Mars, Saturn and Earth... one drywall screw (only one) yields Uranus, -4 degrees tilt. So this shows that planets tilt because they are lopsided. Under Uranus's clouds the core is lopsided. That settles it for me. There is nothing wrong with having people (kids too) draw their own conclusions in lieu of any definitive science on the subject. Is there? What we need is a new radar range of the planet Uranus - THAT's real science!

P. S. for kids, I've had it work with marshmallows and straws with tiny mini-marshmallows on the ends of them, but we always run out of marshmallows! Toothpicks are still vital, though it's been know to work well with swizzle sticks...

Michael Miller, Program Coordinator
The Glenfield Planetarium
Montclair, NJ

January 31, 2012


From Tom Sharp:

Re: Comet dies on film, leaving trail of mystery (Jan. 22, 2012): The sun grazing comet article states,

"But ultimately, the fact that one can see this comet against the background of the sun means there is some physical process not yet understood, Pesnell said."

Please note that the reason this comet is bright with the sun in the background is because Nasa's comet model is wrong.

The Electric Comet theory predicts the brightness and not a black dot that Nasa supects.

The electromagnetic field of the comet reacts with the magnetic field of the sun and produces an extremely bright photon glow. It's that simple. It's like turning on a light bulb. The comet acts like the filament in the bulb. The sun provides the hydrogen proton (+ charge) and the comet provides the electron (- charge).


From Jon (j hlo ux@a tt.n et):

Re: Was blackmail essential for marriage to evolve? (Dec. 2): Interesting article on marriage and blackmail, however I think another dynamic is at work. Since evolution is about exploitation, the question must be, what is being exploited? If marriage is a foundation institution of civilization, along with altruism and cooperation, then it is the very institution of society that is being exploited. Human beings have been self domesticating for millenia. We have become so domesticated that we cannot live without the social structure that we draw upon and contribute to.

I wrote an essay about this domestication called Well Governed Sharks that you may find interesting (see here).

Jon


From Amrit S. Sorli:

Re: Possible hints of much-sought mystery particle reported (Aug. 17): Mass is an energy form of quantum vacuum in symmetry with diminished energy density of quantum vacuum. Presence of mass diminishes energy density of quantum vacuum respectively to the energy of a given mass. A given particle with a mass diminishes energy density of quantum vacuum, mass-less particle does not diminish energy of quantum vacuum. In order to explain mass of elementary particles this view does not require existence of the hypothetical boson of Higgs.


From William L. Row, Jr.:

Re: E.T. might be detectable through his city lights, study proposes (Nov. 3): This article is the cutting edge of arrogant assumptions about what "life" is.

First of all, consider this; if another intelligent species had used this method to investigate Earth, but NOT in the last few thousand years... they would have decided Earth is lifeless. This time interval of no city lights represents 99.99% or more of Earth's history, although life has been here for (at least) over a billion years.

Furthermore, the assumption that these ET life forms have eyes... and that these "eyes" detect light in the same part of the electromagnetic spectrum that ours do, is just nonsense. We're adapted to our sunlight, yet we might see in infrared, ultraviolet, microwave, or many other ranges of EM that our star emits. "Lights" may be something very different to ET.

Another assumption is that life forms would want to live near each other at intervals of distance that mimic our cities. This is a human need, to form economic colonies of closely grouped habitats. Life in other places may be in the form of separated molecules that work together at large distances, sharing common thoughts.

In closing, the search for ET will be a waste of money until minds are opened as to what form ET may take when found. Any semblance whatsoever to humans or human activities would be a bizarre coincidence.


From Roger S. H. Schulman:

Re: Ravens show things to partners, a rare ability, study finds (Nov. 29): I'm confused by the news that the crows' behavior of "showing things" to its fellow birds is rare, and usually utilized only by humans and their close cousins. Domesticated dogs do this on a regular basis. Any dog owner knows this. The dog will look at the toy, then at the human, then back at the toy. Even lead the human to the toy. Isn't that the same behavior?


From Charles Montange:

Re: Ravens show things to partners, a rare ability, study finds (Nov. 29): While in the Galapagos Islands, I saw a flightless cormorant repeatedly show non-food objects to its mate, on their "nest." If she liked the object, she would carefully place it in a spot around the nest. If she did not, she would ignore it. The cormorant would then dive off to retrieve another object to display to her.


From Terry Chilcoat:

Re: Physicists extract light from seeming emptiness (Nov. 18): I was very pleased to read your article, especially "They ap­pear for an in­stant and disap­pear again, the en­er­gy fu­el­ing their ex­istence "bor­rowed" from the void.' This goes along with my theory that the entire universe (matter and dark matter) started out as 'void' nothingness smooth even nothing. Since there was 'nothing' then there was no time constant. So, a previous universe collapsed into 'nothingness when time stopped" and our universe sprang (phoenix like) from this 'nothingness' instantly as there was no 'time constant' because there was no matter to create a 'time constant'. If a void can be coaxed into creating a photon then it can be coaxed into creating matter. Hence our universe.

Terrall (Terry) W. Chilcoat
US HWY 395 N
Gardnerville, NV


From Carlton Maley:

Re: Is too much TV watching as dangerous as smoking? (Aug. 16): If it is merely the result of sedentary activity, as stated, then reading and desk work might be equally risky. Could obesity be the real culprit?

Carlton Maley
Washington, DC


From Artur Oliveira:

Re: Physicists extract light from seeming emptiness (Nov. 18): In my opinion this is another strong indication that the vacuum does not really exist! I already talk about that even three years ago and I strongly suspect that I'm right! See here (unfortunately there is no translation into English).


From Bruno Angelin:

Re: Physicists extract light from seeming emptiness (Nov. 18): In the article:

"That's be­cause the equi­val­ence of en­er­gy and mass, dis­cov­ered by Ein­stein."

The equivalence of energy and mass was discovered by Olinto de Pretto. Einstein proposed the theory of relativity, using the same equation and the same meaning that De Pretto has published two years before. Please do your homework there.


From J David Strauss:

Re: Global warming already causes some droughts, scientists say (Oct. 28): It would be interesting to deytermine if similar effects are noticeable in the winter rainfall regions of the southern hemisphere. As a resident of the Western Cape in South Africa i hjave noted that we have experienced similar conditions over the last ten or so years with higher temperatures recorded progressively each year over that time period!

Thank you for your regular, most interesting and revealling news release.

J David Strauss
Western Cape, South Africa


From Miguel Melgar:

Re: "Junk DNA" may help explain human-chimp differences (Oct. 25): Isn't it possible that Homo sapiens get more cancer than chimps because while the chimps mainly continue ingesting what might be called their ancestral diet, humans do not. The human diet is currently far from what might be considered ancestral.


From Andy Turnbull:

Re: More unequal societies spread faster, according to simulations (Sept. 28): Could be, but there's another possibility. I suggest that perhaps societies are unequal and they spread faster for the same reason -- that the ruling class is rapacious. I would not suggest that invasions of other countries are led by the poor -- rather that they are led, or ordered, by the wealthy.


Andy Turnbull
Toronto, Ontario
Canada


From Michael Haynes:

Re: More unequal societies spread faster, according to simulations (Sept. 28): Was it taken into account that in more stratified societies- some of them are stratified because some individuals and small groups create more value than others, and those that create value become enormously rich, while those that are poor get only slightly richer (because the economy in general is larger) than they were before? And that the freedom to try to better yourself is a strength and a strong culture is better at expanding than a weak one? Is this worse than a society that us universally poor than the poorer than the general poor in a stratified society? (note- this is only applicable to those societies where individuals are free to attempt to improve themselves, even if they are far poorer than the top)


From Anadish Pal:

Re: Possible hints of much-sought mystery particle reported (Aug. 17): Hint or an arrow? There is a hint of a Yeti too in the Himalayas for the past 200 years.


From David Michael:

Re: Scientists testing theory that there are multiple universes (Aug. 4): Have to say I find this article extraordinary that physicist have thought previously there is only one universe. What did they think there was some sort of fence around our universe? This must surely be the greatest case of tunnel vision ever if its true.

January 18, 2011


From Tibor R. Machan :

Re: From brain science, new questions about free will (July 1): Although I am no brain scientist, I have done a lot of work on the free will issue and the contention that because some unconscious motives are detectable when one thinks one is deciding unconsciously is a hasty generalization--commits what I call the blow up fallacy (taking a tiny picture an applying it to everything). As the saying goes, one swallow does not a spring make.

One can test this point easily enough. Just decide that after you see a purple car coming down the road, you will beep your horn. Then wait and when you do see such a car, you will beep your horn but not before. Well, if the beeping were motivate unconsciously, the sequence would be impossible. One needs to be conscious of the purple car before beeping the horn, as per one's plan.

Hundreds of other simple experiments confirm the point. Whatever Libet & Co. , have recorded must cover but a tiny fraction of human action, maybe at habitual levels, certainly not when it comes to complex behaviors (such as constitute most of what we do).

Tibor R. Machan
R. C. Hoiles Chair in Business Ethics and Free Enterprise
Argyros School
Chapman University


From Ray Mainer:

Re: Prehistoric bird used club-like wings as weapon, researchers claim (Jan. 4, 2011): Swans do this. Swans are the only flying bird known to have killed a human. They beat him to death with their wings.


From Pieter Folkens:

Re: Climate change to go on for at least "1,000 years" (Jan. 9, 2011): The title of the article is strangely axiomatic. Climate change has been going on for what, four billion years? With that track record, it is expected to last another thousand years, probably longer. The study was based exclusively on nothing but "what if" computer modeling. The relevant apophthegm in science is: All computer models are wrong, some are useful. It is disingenuous for these researchers to present such studies as some form of data-based predictions. They are simply computer game playing with nothing more than "what if scenarios" and the work is certainly not rigorous science.

Pieter Folkens
fmr Professor of Science Communication,
University of California, Santa Cruz


From John Polasek:

Re: Thunderstorms produce antimatter, scientists find (Jan. 10, 2011): This sounds like the normal pair production process which we cannot achieve in the laboratory because of the high electrical fields>10^18V/m required but apparently are attained in thunderstorms. Gamma Rays >1.02MeV can expel pairs out of the quantum vacuum, but they can only be detected as fuzzy curved tracks in magnetic field cloud chambers. Amazing that they can accomplish this in an orbiting capsule.


From Philip F Henshaw:

Re: Societies evolve a bit like organisms, study finds (Oct. 13): I'm a systems scientist, author of the Encyclopedia of the Earth overview article on the broad range of complex systems theories (1).

The sciences of how natural systems are organized and evolve is incredibly diverse, as diverse as the inherent complexity of natural systems.

The article in Nature, or at least as you summarized it, seems to take the simplest of all possible views of what comprises societal complexity.

That's very disappointing given how frequently historical complex societies have seemed to fail as a consequence of becoming excessively complex and unmanageable.

The number of levels of social hierarchy would accurately measure the degree of organizational complexity, if societies were simple top down control systems.

They never are, of course, but have quit numerous overlapping networks of organization.

The diversity of specializations and personal roles might be a better measure of the complexity of real societies, considered abstractly as organisms.

The true meaning of the word "complexity" would be better reflected, as a society grows, by the shrinking ability of members of a society to understand and communicate their increasingly complex environmental interactions and each other's roles, options and effects.

What seem missing from our thought process, and to often steer us away from appreciating the real complexity of nature, is taking the things nature seems to do so simply for granted, instead of considering such observations as discoveries of explorable parts of the fabulously intricate process nature uses and needs to make things "simple".

The most stunning example of natural complexity people generally take for granted, is the simple process of rapid spontaneous organizational multiplication we call "growth". Virtually everyone really does literally take it for granted, like nothing more than a check in a check box on some application form…

(1) Complex Systems -
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Complex_systems

Philip F Henshaw
HDS Systems Design Science
Ft. Washington Ave NY 10040
www.synapse9.com


From Jordan Mondesir:

Re: Pollution causes four in 10 deaths, survey finds (Aug. 14, 2007): My name is Jordan and I read one of your articles. I read, "Pollution causes four in 10 deaths, survey finds." I was very shocked and just felt bad how many people have died even children from such a terrible environment. We are loosing people so quickly and more. Let's just hope that this will not continue and we find a plan to save lives and our world. I just wanted to say how much I enjoyed reading one of your articles and how understanding it is. From a teenager's point of view, I believe that we can make a difference in the world a unleash the light in the dark. Thank you very much for reading this and keep up the great work.


From Jose Mireles:

Re: Mystery "solved": how honeybees fly (Nov. 29, 2005): Concerning the article stating that the honeybee altered the frequency of its wing beats to maintain flight which has had scientists puzzled for generations. I see how this can be disconcerting because the small wings of this insect do not seem to be able to sustain it aloft. However, in my own studies on this curious creature, I was under the impression that the honeybee was not capable of flight per se but manipulated the earth's electromagnetic currents. Indeed, In body weight and aerodynamic design. . it cannot possibly fly, yet it does so by literally manipulating the electromagnetic currents from the earth around it and performing a sort of levitation. Thus its wings do not sustain but merely alter the flight pattern or control it... like a rudder on an airplane. There have been a smattering of humans among us throughout history who have literally been able to accomplish just this feat via mind levitation which entails using the earths magnetic currents as well. A short study on the subject of levitation can help one arrive at that conclusion. I concede this conclusion may be erroneous or flawed regarding the honeybee, nonetheless I did want to share my opinion or belief as the act of flight as the majority of we humans have come to know it, is by far not the only method of doing so.

December 27, 2010


From Steve (ste ves igns@bi gp ond.c om):

Re: Neanderthals had Siberian kin, study finds (Dec. 24): 30-40000 year old bones with genentic material still intact? Why is it then, that we have NO known dinosaur DNA? Most fossils only contain minerals - genetic material has long since vanished. The apparent ease with which modern DNA can infiltrate ancient remains has led many researchers to doubt even those studies employing the most rigorous methods to weed out contamination by modern genetic material. Professor Paabo told BBC News: That has made me think: 'how can I trust anything on this'?


From Kate Sisco:

Re: Our gold was a crash delivery from space, study finds (Dec. 10): Interesting post re gold from space but I have seen that before, and the idea of a plasma phase change is correct. The gold is from space all right, direct on Earth as a result of a solar energy blast.

The info in I Velikovsky's Earth in Upheaval is so informative; and it was written in 1965.

If the solar particles are responsible for reversed magnetism, then might they not be responsible for a plasma phase change of enoumous magnitude? We may experience such a tremendous energy influx from the sun that even rearrangement on an atomic level is possible. Gold may be the result of such a impact of solar mass particles. It would be much more believable than to think that gold has been laying around on the top of the planet and now scooped up until now. I rather think is is emplaced by the power of the sun through rearranged molecular form. What is next to gold on the periodic chart anyway?

Kate Sisco
http//:www.chequamegon.blogspot.com


From David Robson:

Re: Sticks appear as "dolls" in hands of chimps (Dec. 20): A nice article about the importance of sticks as a play thing for chimps.

I've long held the theory that we humans as vicious, as selfish, as ignorant as we are don't really have the ability to think of animals as equals or better than equals. I'm not sure if this comes from our in-bred arrogance, our zest to cast a cursory glance at things which are far more important than they ostensibly seem or our desire to remain as number one nihilists on the planet.

I watch wildlife and in particular Corvids, since we tend to get more than a few in the garden. These birds are seriously clever, ingenious and cunning, (not in the human sense of nihilism). We just don't give other species the time of day really. It's about time we did. We might learn a few things from them.


From Elaine Keller:

Re: Burning debate lights up over safety of electronic cigarettes (Dec. 17): It's unfortunate that so many column inches of the "Burning Debate" story were devoted to Prue Talbot's Consumer Reports-style evaluation of e-cigarettes. Nothing in Dr. Talbot's article justifies removing the products from the market. Dr. Talbot's article is filled with accusations that are not supported by her findings. She states, "Nothing is known about the chemicals in the aerosolized vapors from e-cigarettes." Since users inhale the aerosolized vapors, it would seem that this would be the most important information to have regarding product safety. So did Dr. Talbot test the vapor? No.

As Dr. Seigel's article points out, numerous tests have been performed on the vapor and have found no dangerous chemicals.

In fact, the FDA itself tested the liquid and the vapor. And while the FDA did produce an alarmist press release regarding the chemicals found in the liquids, the FDA failed to point out that the quantities were too miniscule to present any danger to human health. Furthermore, the agency said nothing at all in the press release about what their lab tests found in the vapor, which was nothing at all.

At least three scientific studies involving human subjects have been published. All show that e-cigarettes do not harm users and are effective at subduing withdrawal symptoms. If a lay person like me has found these studies, why are they so difficult for Dr. Talbot to find?

If the design flaws identified by Dr. Talbot represent "serious public health problems," how is it possible that during the seven years the products have been in use world-wide that there have been no reports of any serious illness or injuries caused by e cigarettes? How is it possible that more than 90% of users report in surveys that their health has improved since switching from smoking to inhaling vapor? If the products might be ineffective, how does Dr. Talbot explain the fact that approximately 80% of users have managed to use e cigarettes as a complete replacement for all their smoked cigarettes?

Elaine Keller, Vice President
Consumer Advocates for Smoke Free Alternatives Association (CASAA)
http://www.casaa.org


From Mike MacCracken:

Re: A lost civilization under the Persian Gulf? (Dec. 15): Might the flooding of the Persian Gulf as sea level rose be the basis of the flood story of Noah? Might one of these locations be the basis for the story of Atlantis, even though not to the west? Sounds like an interesting story over coming years.


From Jim McClarin:

Re: Our gold was a crash delivery from space, study finds (Dec. 10): Bottke, Walker, et al. are probably right about the splattered cores of a few large impactors leaving gold deposits on Earth. However, Earth's own core may prove to be a source as well. Such a large iron core as Earth's may have resulted from a larger body striking dead-on, slamming through the crust and mantel and seriously impacting the core, spewing out core fragments from both but mostly melding together with the upper layers closing in and reassuming their spheroid shape. Another possibility is that a much larger body struck our planet a glancing blow, knocking off a spray of asteroid chunks, including part of Earth's core, some of which could have settled back to the surface of the damaged planet. Both actions were claimed to have happened in our solar system's youth by whoever initiated the "creation myth" of the Anunnaki, gods of the ancient Sumerians. A portion of the debris was said to have remained as a "necklace" between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter while the largest chunk, along with its largest moon, was knocked into a new orbit between Mars and Venus.


From Jim McClarin:

Re: A lost civilization under the Persian Gulf? (Dec. 15): When Rose "hints that vital pieces of the human evolutionary puzzle may be hidden in the depths of the Persian Gulf," he may be on the right track. After all, Sumerian texts claim that their cities were rebuilt following their destruction by the inundation, associated by some with the end of the ice age and the calving of a million cubic miles of antarctic ice into the ocean that raised the sea level. If signs of a much older pre-flood Sumeria are found on the bottom of the gulf, one more of the "myths" from their cuneiform tablets will be proven factual. Those myths include detailed accounts of how their gods, the mysterious Anunnaki, created the "Adamu" in their own image and likeness by combining their own "essence" with that of "early man" some 250, 000 or more years ago.


From Peter A. Robb:

Re: "Drop" of blood still enough to get you perceived as minority (Dec. 14): How can white Caucasians trace or find out if they have a hypodescent factor in their genetic makeup from their distant past?

IE: Research and DNA analysis on Viking settlements in Europe [cannot recall the place] within the last ten years revealed that there was a mongoloid gene marker in the alleles of tall white Vikings. The mongoloid marker remains whilst no visible evidence remains in the phenotype, as if a vestigial gene [if that is correct usage of the word]. Not what scientists expected. One could hypothesise that Vikings made it to Asia via river systems or other means and brought wives back or encountered migrating Asians in Europe.

So how can White Caucasians claim to be pure blood whites when evidence like this comes to light?

I have names in my larger gene pool that may be Danish or Viking, one being Eving. Our families migrated to New Zealand in the late 19thc from Scotland. Mainly lowland Scotland. This Eving was modified to Ewing in the 17-18c according to Scottish church parish records[TV series character spelling JR EWING] to fit in with local culture and customs that populations. This may have been due to religious persecutions and factions at the time. In much in the same way Asians migrants to my home country New Zealand, adopt upper class English names such as James or American pulp names such as Betty for girls and so forth, to blend in more easily or bridge the sameness gap. Asian names like Tang Ping tend to 'other' minorities here, so they hide their origins through dialectical perceptions of what they consider the local naming norms to be. In many cases the adopted English name tends to disrupt the expectations of Caucasian locals whose christian names now may be adopted from American sitcoms of the 1970s for example and not handed down from earlier generations of a patriarchal system. .

So if a 'one drop' concept is the legal identifier criteria for being a minority; are we all ruled out of the White equation as we cannot really know what our backgrounds are until complex DNA analysis of our body parts is undertaken?


From Kevin Mulvina:

Re: Burning debate lights up over safety of electronic cigarettes (Dec. 17): In regard to the e-cig discussion and pious high drama; The safety of e-cigs is a straw man diversion, to undermine the fact that not one of the voices at the head table designing the autonomy of others, gives a hoot about the smokers or their risks.

Their concerns are blatantly obvious and self serving. Robert Wood Johnson spends hundreds of millions annually, promoting the charities who sing along with their promotions of [approved] alternatives, to suit the millions of shares they hold in their benefactor; Johnson and Johnson. It is no state secret they promote what suits their very existence, as the medical institutions and body part charities have been doing for a century, in service to their well heeled investors. Keeping the dreams alive, while hoping that cures are never found.

The "no such thing as a safer cigarette" was entitlement to open the regulatory floodgates to imports, grown with no regulation, to compete on even terms with the more expensive domestic products in North America.

The demands for RIP cigarettes, which by physiological principles, have to increase toxic loads by the temperature adjustment, which will increase the volumes and number of toxins you will find, as a direct result of that adjustment.

It is no small wonder "the magical smoke" is always calculated and referenced as state and stable product, when it is well known to be anything but. The 4000 - 100, 000 "deadly toxins" are said to be a cause for alarm, yet no one anywhere is even monitoring what is in the many brand offerings and evaluating which could carry a greater or lesser risk and relaying that useful information to those actually at risk, in less than alarming tones depicting quit or die. There is no greater determinant of health risk than personal economy, so where is the caring or compassion attached to taxing an addiction?

If we even take a moment to understand what extra risks someone will face, being designated as a lesser person or a less deserving soul [non-normal] and the level of increased risks millions of law abiding citizens will face, for being treated as something else, the damages should be obvious to anyone with a calculator and a humane bone in their body. Blaming the victim has become all the rage in the gotcha headlines business. Risk is always a useful tool of fear, or the stick to drive people where you want them to be, even if they never wanted to go. The groups at the head of the pack are there for reasons much less than a concern for the milk of human kindness. Who else could afford to buy that seat? Primarily they are speaking in support of increased profits and market-share, with a following attached to self sanctimony and moralist aversions.

There is nothing noble, valuable to society or humane in what has become of tobacco control, its bullies or its social manipulations. All that is left to be decided is which of the cabal should be shamed to set an example and which of them should be convicted for leading others astray. Insanity has proven to be consistent in its result once again, no matter how many iterations are repeated.

TC is an out of control social experiment, who's day has come and who's damages can no longer be tolerated, its time to find a cure and re-balance. Before the profiteers and power mad dictators residing at numerous "Health and Safety" UN appendages, take control of us all, by our own inaction in the face of unfettered madness. This was never science or scientific, it was just a major mistake, exaggerated by gossip and innuendo to suit political puppeteers and their profits. Can anyone still deny, it was always about the money?


From Barry Carter:

Re: Forecast: global warming may bring giant drought (Oct. 19): Most people have a favorite disaster scenario. Some favor global warming, others favor peak oil. Financial collapse is the favorite of many people but geological cataclysm is favored by others. Regardless of which disaster you may favor, the most immediate problem that develops, as a result of any disaster, will be related to food shortages. Already it is estimated that one billion people are starving on earth.

Most disasters reduce food production or availability. Climate change causes flooding, drought and unseasonable freezes which all reduce food production. Peak oil reduces the availability of petro chemicals for fertilizer and pesticides as well as the fuel to transport food for long distances. Financial collapse makes it more difficult for everyone to produce and purchase food. Geological cataclysm can even cause an ex-president to apologize for policies that reduced the local food supply in Haiti in favor of imported rice from the USA.

Even social disasters are most likely to cause suffering through starvation. When the structures we have built to serve us loose their way and begin to believe that we are here to serve them, they try to monopolize our sources of supply. Whether these are corporate structures, government structures, belief structures or religious structures does not change this pattern. Read more here.

On the page above I discuss ways that most of us can use to help insure our own food supply in these times of change. If we could increase food production and nutrition while also increasing carbon sequestration in soil this would be a great way to mitigate the changes we are facing in each disaster scenario.

Barry Carter
Baker City, Oregon


From Bernard Sunderland:

Re: Religion provides happiness because of the social ties, study claims (Dec. 7): Did it really need a 'scientific' study to recognize this point? It is, I think, self-evident. I for one spent much of my youth in association with a church community in spite of being agnostic. I still count those people as being my closest friends, though many are absent.

Religion is essential to long-term social stability because it fosters a close-knit society. It is the reason why Britain is set to be overcome by Islam, because of the general apathy toward Christianity among the white population.


From David Chalk:

Re: Religion provides happiness because of the social ties, study claims (Dec. 7): After reading this article, I have to reassess my own beliefs. My beliefs ? That religion was a mental illness, caused by the sick writings in the bible.


From Phillip Petersen:

Re: Being too clean may lead to allergies, study suggests (Nov. 29): This, to me, is a persistent fallacy that could only be held by a relatively young person (or an old one with a shoret memory) and no knowledge of domestic history. Our parents, grandparents and great-grandparents were, unless forced by extreme poverty, not less hygienic. In fact, they tended to scrub the hell out of everything that couldn't be boiled. The problem is surely not that we do more cleaning but what we use to do the cleaning.


From Randy Kramer:

Re: Forecast: global warming may bring giant drought (Oct. 19): Where does the water go? "In con­trast, higher-latitude re­gions from Alas­ka to Scan­di­na­via are likely to be­come moister, but not enough to bal­ance out the dry­ ing else­where, Dai pre­dicts." I mean, I learned in school (a long time ago) that there was such a thing as the water cycle. Is it going to be locked up in ice caps and similar? A link to the original article could be helpful.


From Jonathan Allen:

Re: Scientists work on sun-charged "heat battery" (Oct. 27): There are other systems for storing heat, such as the latent heat of a molten salt. It is my understanding that an advantage of this system is that the "charged" material is not hot and hence will not lose its "charge" over time by thermal leakage. For solar-powered engines which need to run at night but get their heat replenished the next day, leakage is not a big problem, but for longer storage times it would be, and (if I understand the article correctly) this is where the "heat battery" should have an advantage.

A couple of big questions, aside from cost, are the energy density and efficiency. That is, how many joules can one store per unit mass or volume of the storage medium compared with, for example electrical storage batteries, especially since the heat storage is upstream of the heat engine? And how would the overall system efficiency (sunlight to recovered work) compare with that of an electrical storage battery charged by photovoltaic panels? In a solar thermal system, raising the collector temperature improves the engine efficiency (Carnot's Equation) but it also reduces the solar collection efficiency due to re-radiation from the absorber (Planck Theory). Thus there is a temperature tradeoff or optimization. Another point is that to generate temperatures approaching 200 deg C requires focusing concentrators. Thus only specular (direct) sunlight will contribute. Scattered light from the sky will not, and when the sun goes behind a cloud, the system output is nil. A photovoltaic system, on the other hand harvests all incoming rays and continues to work, albeit at reduced output, even on a cloudy day.

I am all for exploring this heat battery, but remain skeptical as to its widespread application even if we find a cheaper medium without the rare element ruthenium.

- Jonathan Allen, Ph.D.


From Charles Douglas Wehner:

Re: Scientists work on sun-charged "heat battery" (Oct. 27): Two other examples of "Heat Batteries" spring to mind.

Firstly, we have water. It is unique in the sheer quantity of "heat of melting" that it requires. Substances like wax melt easily, but water stays at exactly zero degrees for a considerable time, whilst it expands. The expansion of water explains why it floats in winter, instead of sinking. Only after this internal molecular rearrangement (phase change) does it melt.

The disadvantage is that it is simply too cold. One needs something with a large latent heat that melts at perhaps a comfortable TWENTY degrees Celsius, not at zero.

Secondly, there was a novel hollow frying pan containing an alloy similar to Wood's Metal. This was placed on the stove until the metal melted. Then it could be put on the side, and the curve of temperature had a "plateau" at the melting point, allowing it to continue to fry the food all on its own.

The disadvantage of the frying pan was that the "latent heat of melting" of the alloy was just too little. The gadget worked, but the effect was hardly magical.

If the research into Ruthenium compounds should lead to substances with spectacular latent heats, things may change.